What occurs when an aircraft encounters turbulence?

When an aircraft encounters turbulence, it is subject to variable air movements that disrupt its smooth flight path. This can result in jolts or bumps as the aircraft navigates through areas of unstable air. Turbulence is typically caused by atmospheric conditions such as weather fronts, thunderstorms, or air currents, which create sudden changes in air pressure and movement.

The sensation of jolting or bumpiness is a direct result of these disturbances, which affect the aircraft's controlled flight and can lead to sudden changes in altitude or attitude. It is important for pilots and crew to be aware of these conditions, as they can impact passenger comfort and safety.

In this scenario, the alternatives provided do not accurately depict the reality of turbulence. An aircraft does not typically move in a straight line during turbulence; its path will be erratic due to the changing air currents. Additionally, the speed of the aircraft may vary rather than remaining constant, and the altitude may change as well, contrary to what is suggested. Therefore, the experience of jolts or bumps characterizes the encounter with turbulence effectively.