What is referred to as the empennage in an aircraft?

The term "empennage" refers specifically to the tail section of an aircraft, which includes both the horizontal and vertical stabilizers as well as the control surfaces known as the rudder and elevator. This assembly is crucial for providing stability and control in flight.

The horizontal stabilizer helps maintain the aircraft's pitch, while the vertical stabilizer aids in controlling yaw. The rudder allows for side-to-side movement and stabilization, while the elevator controls up-and-down tilt. Collectively, these components ensure that the aircraft can be maneuvered effectively and maintain its intended flight path.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the empennage. The propeller is a component involved in thrust generation, the engine compartment houses the powerplants of the aircraft, and the fuselage serves as the main body that houses the cockpit, passenger area, and cargo. Each of these plays a critical role in the functioning of the aircraft, but none defines what the empennage is.