What does the term 'approach' refer to in aviation?

In aviation, the term 'approach' specifically refers to the last minutes of the flight before landing. This phase is critical, as it involves the aircraft maneuvering into position for a safe landing. During the approach, pilots focus on various key aspects, including altitude control, airspeed management, and alignment with the runway. The approach can encompass different stages, such as the initial approach and final approach, which are crucial for ensuring that the aircraft is properly configured and stabilized for landing.

The initial climb of the aircraft is typically referred to as the takeoff phase, while the actual landing involves the touchdown on the runway. The cruising altitude pertains to the steady, level flight after takeoff and before the descent and approach, and does not relate to the immediate preparations for landing. Thus, understanding 'approach' in the context of aviation is vital for pilots as they ensure a safe and structured transition from flying to landing.