What aerodynamic challenge is presented by turbulence?

Turbulence presents a significant aerodynamic challenge primarily because it can cause sudden and unpredictable movements of the aircraft. This unpredictability arises from the irregular flow of air around the aircraft, which can lead to abrupt changes in altitude and attitude. Pilots must be equipped to handle these variations, as turbulence can affect control surfaces and overall aircraft stability.

In contrast, turbulence does not assist in smooth landings, nor does it generally lead to a decrease in drag or an increase in fuel efficiency. These aspects of turbulence can complicate flight operations, requiring pilots to be vigilant and prepared for its effects. Understanding the nature of turbulence and its impact on aircraft performance is crucial for ensuring a safe and controlled flight experience.